Did Belarusian troops march chanting insults at Putin? No, the footage is from 2021 and shows the march of the Ukrainian military in preparation for the Independence Day parade on August 24th.
The video (archived here) displaying this claim was originally published by @hereiswherewedestroythem on the Tiktok on April 28th. This is what the post looked like on TikTok at the time of writing:
(Source: TikTok screenshot taken on Wed May 10 19:27:52 2023 EST)
The video was reposted by a few other TikTok accounts (here and here)
A longer video of the practice in preparation for Ukraine's Independece Day by Ukrainian troops were posted at the time by multiple sources seen here and here. The topic was also addressed and discussed by Russian State sponsored media channel program 60 Minutes.